Kordhinta saamiga korantada ee korantada ee weyn ee ultra-ka weyn

1. Silsiladda warshadaha ee warshadaha korantada ee garaafka

(1) warshadaha ugu hooseeya

Alaabada ugu weyn ee ceyriinka ah ee qalabka elektroonite-ka ee garaafka ah waa batroolka cokeum iyo irbad coke, oo leh dibad-xil-ka-baxa Alaabada ceyriinka ah waxay ku xisaabtantaa saami weyn oo ka mid ah qiimaha wax soo saarka ee kombiyuutarka garaafka ee qalabka korantada, oo lagu xisaabtamo in ka badan 65%. Waxaa ka mid ah, Petroleum Coke waa sheyga ugu weyn ee ceyriinka ee korantada caadiga ah, batroolka Coke iyo irbad coke-ka korantada korantada, iyo irbad coke waa sheyga ugu weyn ee elektrate-ka-korantada.

Batroolka Coke waa wax soo saar ah oo ah dib-u-habeynta saliida, taas oo ah walxo adag oo ay soo saartay caqabad dib-u-dhac ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo suufka batroolka sida sheyga ceyriinka ah. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa meelaha ay ka mid yihiin cudurka macaanka ee garaafka, aluminium elektaroonigga ah, dhalada, iyo silicon metallic ah; Coke Coke waa Coke tayo sare leh oo leh mid aad u hooseeya oo aad u hooseeya oo ah ballaarinta kuleylka iyo xawilaadaha fudud ee kuleylka. Waxay leedahay wanaaga iyo fal-qaadashada kuleylka, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa awood-sare iyo suuxdin-gacmeed koronto iyo qalab koronto oo aad u wanaagsan iyo ashyaa'da elektaroonigga ah ee loo yaqaan 'rintrode abed'.

(2) Warshadaha hoos udhaca

Qalabka elektiroonite-ka ee garaafka ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa meelaha ay ka mid yihiin saqafyada, silikon dib u habeynta, iyo fosfooraska huruudda ah ee loo yaqaan 'fosfooraska'. Waxaa ka mid ah dhexdooda, garaafka korantada sare ee loo yaqaan 'prapher-ka' 'prapher-ka sare' waxaa lagu isticmaalaa isku-darka korantada korantada ee sare ee loo yaqaan 'plaphrodes koronto sare'. Dib-u-habeynta, dib-u-habeynta fosfooraska huruud ah, iyo wixii la mid ah.

STELING SWELINGINGS waa qeybta ugu weyn ee arjiga ugu weyn ee suuxdinta garaafka, iyadoo lagu xisaabtamo qiyaastii 80% wadarta isticmaalka guud ee qalabka cudurka garaafka. Kobcinta warshadaha scref ee birta ayaa si dhaw ula ah horumarinta warshadaha korantada ee garaafka.

Sanadkii 2022, wax soo saarka birta ee adduunka ayaa hoos u dhigeysa khilaafka joogtada ah ee udhaxeysa khilaafka Ruushka-Ukraine, is-waafajinta siyaasadaha lacageed ee Yurub iyo Mareykanka, kor u kaca qiimaha tamarta iyo qodobada kale. Marka loo eego tirakoobka Ururka Wortan World Iron iyo Implation, soosaarka billion ee adduunka ayaa gaari doona 1.8315 bilyan oo tan oo ah 2022, oo ah sanad-sannado, iyo wax soo saarka birta Shiinaha ayaa gaari doona 1.013 bilyan tan, sanadkiiba. hoos u dhaca 2.1%. Sanadkii 2023, wadarta wax soo saarka birta ee adduunka ee adduunka ayaa ahaa 1.8882 bilyan oo tan oo tan ah, oo asal ahaan aan is beddelin sannad-sannadeedka sannadka socda. Isugeynta soosaarka birta ee guud ee 71 dal iyo gobollada oo lagu soo daray tirakoobka wakaaladda adduunka oo dhan waxay ahayd 1.8497 bilyan oo tan oo tan ah, oo hoos u dhac yar oo ah 0.1% sano-sano. Eegida gobollada kala duwan, wax soo saarka bir ee birta ee Yurub, Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyo Koonfurta Ameerika ayaa hoos u dhacay sannad dugsiyeedka, halka waxsoosaarka gobollada kale uu kordhay sannadka sannadkan; Marka laga hadlayo wadamada, oo ka mid ah tobanka sare ee saliida ee adduunka ee adduunka, Jarmalka, Türkiye iyo Brazil waxay arkeen cibaado wax soo saarkooda shaashad ee sanadka, halka dalalka kale ay arkeen kobaca sanadka, gaar ahaan India, halkaas oo soosaarka ah Koritaanka ayaa gaadhay 11.8%. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta ka socota Ururka Birta Shiinaha, waxsoosaarka birta ee Shiinaha ee 2023 wuxuu ahaa 1019.08 milyan tan, sanadka aan isbedelay. Laakiin hoosta ka mid ah hadafka "Dual kaarboon", waddanku wuxuu si xoog leh u horumariyaa nidaamka furadka ee foornada ee korantada oo bir-bir qaadmin ah, kaas oo la jaan qaada isbeddelka horumarka caalamiga ah.